REPAIRING WOUNDS BRACING WEAKNESS : Page 88
Decay progresses in wood at about the same rate as growth, going chiefly in and down instead of out and up. When its invasion at a stub lesion has gone past the sap-wood into heartwood, you will not only have to gouge out the decay's top and back limits but also follow its inroads downward to their bottom, which may be surprisingly deep. That is where little stub lesions deceive us. In trying to heal shut at their original openings, they conceal their true depth and thus escape or postpone attention.
To find out how deep the decay has gone, enlarge the original opening enough to let you probe downward with your knife or chisel. If you still can't find hard bottom, take